The receptor
The GIP receptor is also a class B GPCR signalling through cyclic AMP. It is expressed in pancreatic beta cells and in adipose tissue, the latter distinguishing it from the GLP-1 receptor.
Why interest lapsed and returned
Early work suggested the GIP response was blunted in some metabolic states, which reduced enthusiasm for it as a standalone target. Interest returned with dual agonists, where combining GIP with GLP-1 activity produced effects that neither arm produced alone.
Whether agonism or antagonism at this receptor is the more useful direction remains an open research question, which is itself informative about how incompletely the pathway is understood.
Adipose expression
Expression in adipose tissue means GIP signalling participates in lipid handling as well as insulin secretion, and that dual role is part of why it is studied alongside GLP-1 rather than instead of it.
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